Food security is one of the most pressing issues in Nigeria and across Africa. With population growth and climate change affecting agricultural yields, finding sustainable solutions to feed communities is critical. Fortunately, there are fast-growing crops and animals that can be harvested in as little as 100 days, offering a way to alleviate food shortages and build resilience in our food systems.

This article highlights crops and animals that can be grown and harvested within 100 days to ensure a reliable and steady food supply.

1. Maize (Corn)

One of the fastest-growing staple crops in Africa, maize can be harvested in about 90–100 days, depending on the variety. It is a versatile crop that grows well in different soil types and weather conditions found in Nigeria and many parts of Africa.

How to Grow Maize:

• Select an early-maturing variety for a quicker harvest.
• Ensure good soil preparation by plowing the land and adding organic manure or fertilizers.
• Plant maize seeds at a spacing of 75 cm between rows and 25 cm between plants.
• Weed regularly and water the plants during dry spells to maintain soil moisture.

Maize can be used as a staple in many African dishes, including pap (ogi), roasted corn, and boiled maize. When grown in large quantities, it can also be processed into flour, offering farmers a source of income.

2. Sweet Potatoes

Sweet potatoes are another crop that matures in about 90 days. They are drought-resistant and thrive in a variety of climates. Their high nutritional value, especially their richness in vitamin A, makes them a key crop for improving food security.

How to Grow Sweet Potatoes:

• Prepare ridges and plant sweet potato vines at the onset of the rainy season.
• Ensure well-drained soils for better yields.
• Water regularly during dry periods and weed the field as necessary.

Sweet potatoes are consumed either boiled, roasted, or processed into flour. In addition to providing food, they can also be a source of income through local markets.

3. Cowpeas (Beans)

Cowpeas are a highly nutritious legume that matures within 60–90 days. They are rich in protein, making them an excellent source of nutrition for households in Nigeria and Africa. Cowpeas can grow in poor soils and require minimal water, making them a resilient crop choice for dry regions.

How to Grow Cowpeas:

• Select an improved variety of cowpeas, particularly early-maturing ones.
• Plant in well-drained soils, preferably after the first rain.
• Space the seeds 30 cm apart and keep the area weed-free.
• Harvest when pods are dry and ready for threshing.

Cowpeas can be used in traditional dishes like akara (bean cakes), moimoi (bean pudding), and served as stews or soups, making them a versatile food source.

4. Broiler Chickens

In the livestock sector, broiler chickens are an excellent option for quick food production. Broilers can be reared and ready for the market in just 6–8 weeks (around 45–60 days), making them a top choice for improving household food security.

How to Raise Broiler Chickens:

• Start with day-old chicks and ensure a clean, well-ventilated brooding space.
• Provide proper feeding with a protein-rich feed mix to promote rapid growth.
• Keep the environment free of diseases through regular vaccinations and clean water supplies.
• Maintain a comfortable temperature, especially in the first few weeks, and ensure sufficient lighting.

Broiler chickens provide a high-quality source of protein and can be sold for profit or consumed by households.

5. Radishes

Radishes are one of the fastest-growing vegetables, maturing in just 30–45 days. They are highly nutritious and can be grown in small backyard gardens, making them a great option for urban farming.

How to Grow Radishes:

• Prepare the soil by loosening it and adding organic matter.
• Sow radish seeds directly into the ground in rows spaced about 10 cm apart.
• Water regularly, especially during dry periods, but avoid overwatering.
• Radishes can be harvested once the root is firm and round.

Radishes can be eaten raw in salads or cooked in a variety of dishes, making them a great addition to a balanced diet.

6. Okra (Lady’s Finger)

Okra is a popular vegetable across Nigeria and Africa and matures in about 50–60 days. It is drought-resistant and thrives in hot climates, making it ideal for regions with irregular rainfall.

How to Grow Okra:

• Prepare the soil by adding organic manure and ensure good drainage.
• Plant okra seeds directly into the soil at a spacing of 30–40 cm apart.
• Water regularly, especially in the early stages, and weed the area to prevent competition for nutrients.
• Harvest okra pods while they are still tender and avoid leaving them on the plant for too long, as they become tough.

Okra can be used in soups such as Nigerian okra soup or as a side dish.

7. Tilapia Fish

Tilapia is one of the fastest-growing fish species and can be harvested in just about 90–100 days. It is a great option for small-scale fish farming, which is becoming increasingly popular in Nigeria due to its profitability.

How to Farm Tilapia:

• Set up fish ponds or use tanks, ensuring clean water and proper aeration.
• Stock fingerlings at the recommended density, providing balanced fish feed to promote healthy growth.
• Regularly monitor water quality and maintain optimal conditions for the fish.
• Harvest the fish after 90 days when they reach the desired market size.

Tilapia is a common delicacy across Africa and provides an excellent source of protein for households and markets.

Conclusion: A Roadmap to Food Security

By focusing on fast-growing crops and animals like maize, sweet potatoes, cowpeas, broilers, radishes, okra, and tilapia, we can make significant strides in addressing food insecurity in Nigeria and other African countries. These quick-turnaround agricultural products can provide both food and income, contributing to the alleviation of hunger and poverty. With proper planning, support, and training, communities can harness these options to ensure a reliable food supply within 100 days.